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Investigating the association between allergic diseases and COVID-19 in 400 Iranian patients

Amirhossein Darabi1, Mohammadrezad Dehghanfard2, Sara Jozan3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
|September 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Allergic diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis (AR), were not a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Patients with AR experienced milder COVID-19 symptoms and less severe outcomes compared to those without allergies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are common and may influence susceptibility to infections.
  • The role of allergic comorbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity remains unclear.
  • Investigating the association between allergies and COVID-19 outcomes is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if allergic diseases predispose individuals to COVID-19.
  • To assess the association between allergic comorbidity and COVID-19 severity.
  • To analyze the clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with and without allergic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 400 COVID-19 patients was analyzed.
  • Allergic diseases were identified using the standard GA²LEN questionnaire.
  • COVID-19 severity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission data.

Main Results:

  • 39.5% of COVID-19 patients had allergic diseases, showing a reverse association with disease severity (P=0.005).
  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) was significantly associated with milder COVID-19 (P=0.02).
  • Allergic patients had lower rates of hypoxemia and chest CT involvement compared to non-allergic patients (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Allergic diseases do not predispose individuals to severe COVID-19.
  • Allergic rhinitis is linked to milder clinical manifestations and reduced ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.
  • Allergies may have a protective effect against severe outcomes in COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19GASARS-CoV-2allergic diseasesunderlying diseases

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