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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
Nondissipative Second-Order Transport, Spin, and Pseudogauge Transformations in Hydrodynamics
Shiyong Li1, Mikhail A Stephanov1, Ho-Ung Yee1
1Physics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
Abstract:
We derive a set of nontrivial relations between second-order transport coefficients which follow from the second law of thermodynamics upon considering a regime close to uniform rotation of the fluid. We demonstrate that an extension of hydrodynamics by spin variable is equivalent to modifying conventional hydrodynamics by a set of second-order terms satisfying the relations we derived. We point out that a novel contribution to the heat current orthogonal to vorticity and temperature gradient reminiscent of the thermal Hall effect is constrained by the second law.
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