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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Generation of Tumor Antigen-specific T Cells
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Engineering stem cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Yan-Ruide Li1, Yang Zhou1, Adam Kramer1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Trends in Cancer
|September 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered stem cells offer a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy, providing a sustained source of tumor-specific cells and

Keywords:
T lymphocytescancer immunotherapychimeric antigen receptorgenetic engineeringnatural killer cellsstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Cellular Engineering
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Stem cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T-cell receptors (TCRs) show promise for treating various cancers.
  • Stem cells offer long-term engraftment for sustained immune cell generation.
  • Engineered stem cells can provide 'off-the-shelf' products, overcoming limitations of patient-specific therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in stem cell-engineered cancer therapies.
  • To discuss the potential impact and challenges of stem cell engineering in translational research.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering stem cells to express CARs or TCRs targeting tumor-associated antigens.
  • Reviewing current literature on stem cell-based cancer immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Engineered stem cells demonstrate potential for sustained remission in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
  • The 'off-the-shelf' nature of engineered stem cells addresses challenges in personalized cell therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell engineering is a valuable strategy for developing novel cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and facilitate clinical translation of these therapies.