Clear Cell Hidradenoma: A Review of Reported Cases

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Clear cell hidradenoma (CCH), also known as acrospiroma, is an infrequent benign skin neoplasm originating from eccrine sweat glands.
• While typically benign, understanding its presentation and malignant potential is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze the location, occurrence, presentation, and malignant potential of clear cell hidradenoma.
• To identify trends and potential indicators of malignant transformation in CCH.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of 460 case reports published between 1979 and 2022 using PubMed.
• Adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
• Extraction of data including demographics, tumor characteristics, location, malignancy status, and progression.

Main Results:

• Analysis included 241 cases of CCH, with an average age of 54.7 years and 54.36% female predominance.
• Thirty-five cases (approximately 14.5%) were malignant, predominantly located in the genitourinary system.
• Malignant CCH showed a statistically significant greater mean length (2 cm) and longer duration of growth (2.75 years) compared to nonmalignant cases.

Conclusions:

• Clear cell hidradenoma is a rare skin tumor, with malignant potential noted, especially in the genitourinary region.
• Tumor size and duration of growth may serve as indicators for malignant transformation.
• Histopathologic examination, biopsy, and surgical excision are recommended for diagnosis and treatment, with awareness of recurrence potential.