Absolute and Relative Smokeless Tobacco Product Risk Perceptions: Developing and Validating New Measures that are
Erin Keely O'Brien, Sabeeh A Baig1, Alexander Persoskie
1Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Summary
This study developed valid measures for smokeless tobacco (ST) risk perceptions, differentiating between oral and respiratory health effects. Findings show modified risk claims impact these perceptions differently, crucial for tobacco product surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Tobacco Control Research
- Behavioral Science
- Risk Perception Studies
Background:
- Existing measures for smokeless tobacco (ST) risk perceptions lack demonstrated validity and consistency with researcher recommendations.
- Accurate assessment of ST risk perceptions is crucial for understanding behavior and informing public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate new measures for seven specific smokeless tobacco risk perception constructs.
- To assess absolute and relative risk perceptions of ST products compared to cigarettes, NRT, and cessation aids.
Main Methods:
- A large online survey experiment (N=2754) was conducted, involving 64 initial items.
- Reliability and validity analyses reduced items to 35, representing seven constructs.
- Exploratory factor analyses distinguished between respiratory and oral risk perceptions for certain constructs.
Main Results:
- Validated measures for seven ST risk perception constructs were developed.
- Absolute and relative risk perceptions were each represented by two factors: respiratory and oral.
- A modified risk claim reduced perceived respiratory risks but increased perceived oral risks of ST.
Conclusions:
- The developed measures demonstrate validity for assessing ST risk perceptions in future research and surveillance.
- Separate assessment of respiratory and oral health risks is essential due to differential impacts of modified risk claims.
- Findings inform regulatory approaches, such as FDA postmarket surveillance of authorized tobacco products.
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