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Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Dementia: a Systematic Review.

Paweena Sukhawathanakul1, Alexander Crizzle2, Holly Tuokko3

  • 1Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.

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Psychotherapeutic interventions show promise in aiding older adults with cognitive impairment to adjust to life changes. These therapies, particularly those focusing on meaning and problem-solving, effectively reduce depressive symptoms and improve acceptance.

Keywords:
acceptanceadjustmentdementiapsychotherapeutic interventions

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Limited comprehensive reviews exist on psychotherapeutic interventions for dementia.
  • Focus on adjustment and acceptance outcomes for older adults with cognitive impairment is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of various psychotherapeutic interventions on acceptance and adjustment in older adults with cognitive impairment.
  • To review studies evaluating interventions for individuals with cognitive impairment and their caregivers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (2003-2019).
  • Included 24 articles examining psychotherapeutic effects on acceptance, adjustment, internalizing symptoms, quality of life, self-esteem, and well-being.
  • Fifteen studies focused on individuals with cognitive impairment; nine included caregivers.

Main Results:

  • Diverse interventions (CBT, mindfulness, meaning-based) impacted acceptance and adjustment outcomes.
  • Reductions in depressive symptoms were the most frequent outcome, especially with problem-focused and meaning-based therapies.
  • Mixed results were observed for helplessness, quality of life, self-esteem, and life satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • Psychotherapeutic interventions offer support for improving acceptance and adjustment in older adults with cognitive impairment.
  • Evidence suggests particular effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms.