Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 2, 2026
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
Published on: December 16, 2022
Does Adding Mindfulness to Instability Resistance Training Enhance Dual-Task Mobility and Fall-Related Outcomes in
Gabriel de Amorim Batista1, Vinicius Yan Santos Nascimento2, Bruno Remígio Cavalcante2,3
1Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco.
Background:
Older adults with motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) exhibit impairments in dual-task mobility. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise and cognitive strategies, have been proposed to mitigate physical and cognitive decline. However, the effectiveness of combining these approaches remains unclear.
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of instability resistance training (IRT) performed with or without mindfulness on mobility under single- and dual-task conditions and fall-related outcomes in older adults with MCR.
Methods:
In this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 56 community-dwelling older adults with MCR (≥65 years) were allocated to IRT or combined with mindfulness (IRT + Mind). Both groups trained twice weekly for 24 weeks. Primary outcomes included single- and dual-task Timed Up and Go (TUG). Secondary outcomes were dual-task cost, concern about falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International), and balance confidence (Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale). Outcomes were analyzed using generalized mixed models.
Results:
For single-task TUG, a significant main effect of time was observed (p < .001), with similar improvements in both groups (0.62-0.80 s). Dual-task TUG performance improved over time for both cognitive conditions, with significant group × time interactions favoring the IRT group (p ≤ .049). Dual-task cost did not change significantly. Balance confidence improved significantly over time in both groups (mean increase ≈14 points; p < .001), whereas concern about falling remained unchanged.
Conclusion:
IRT improved mobility and confidence in balance in older adults with MCR. The addition of mindfulness did not provide incremental benefits, suggesting that motor-based training alone is sufficient to promote functional gains in this population.
