Exercise training as a cornerstone intervention for sarcopenia: a review

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Exercise Physiology
• Muscle Biology

Background:

• Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is linked to adverse health outcomes in older adults.
• Current pharmacological treatments for sarcopenia are limited, highlighting the need for effective non-pharmacological interventions.
• Exercise training is recognized as a primary non-pharmacological strategy for managing sarcopenia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent evidence (2024 onwards) on the impact of exercise training on muscle strength, mass, and physical performance in older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia.
• To synthesize findings on the efficacy of various exercise modalities for sarcopenia management.

Main Methods:

• This narrative review synthesized recent scientific literature (published from 2024) focusing on exercise interventions for sarcopenic older adults.
• Evidence was gathered on the effects of different exercise types on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance.

Main Results:

• Resistance training is consistently identified as the most effective exercise modality for addressing sarcopenia in diagnosed older adults.
• Multicomponent exercise programs, incorporating aerobic and balance exercises, provide additional clinical advantages.
• Innovative approaches like home-based, technology-assisted, and remote interventions complement traditional methods, increasing accessibility.

Conclusions:

• Translating research findings on exercise for sarcopenia into clinical practice presents significant challenges.
• Further advancements in sarcopenia definition and well-designed clinical trials are crucial for refining exercise recommendations.
• Effective implementation of evidence-based exercise strategies in real-world settings requires continued research and clinical efforts.