Recent Progress on Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma-From Bench to Bedside

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Hematology
• Oncology

Background:

• Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal lymphoma.
• High relapse rates in PCNSL pose a significant clinical challenge for hematologists.
• Methotrexate-based chemotherapy shows high sensitivity in PCNSL patients, yet challenges persist.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the latest advancements in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).
• To summarize progress in epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of PCNSL.
• To elucidate the current status and future directions of treatment options for PCNSL.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on PCNSL.
• Summary of epidemiological data and pathological findings.
• Analysis of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

• PCNSL is a rare extranodal lymphoma with a high relapse rate.
• Methotrexate-based chemotherapy regimens show high sensitivity.
• Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and CAR T-cell therapy offer new treatment avenues.

Conclusions:

• Despite high sensitivity to methotrexate, PCNSL relapse remains a challenge.
• The role of BTKi monotherapy versus combination therapy requires further clinical investigation.
• The efficacy and application of CAR T-cell therapy for PCNSL need further elucidation.