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Gastric Cancer in Iran: An Overview of Risk Factors and Preventive Measures
Elham Akbarpour1, Alireza Sadjadi1, Mohammad H Derakhshan2
1Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Archives of Iranian Medicine
|September 7, 2021
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major health issue, especially in Iran. Identifying region-specific risk factors like hookah and opium use is key for early detection and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Gastric cancer (GC) persists as a significant global health challenge and a leading cause of cancer mortality.
- Early diagnosis and prevention are crucial, as GC is often detected at advanced stages.
- Current screening methods like endoscopy are invasive and costly, necessitating more efficient regional strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on gastric cancer.
- To present data from newly-established Population-based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) in Iran.
- To identify region-specific risk factors for gastric cancer in Iran.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing gastric cancer literature.
- Analysis of data from Iranian Population-based Cancer Registries (PBCRs).
Main Results:
- Confirmed very high GC incidence rates in northwestern and northern Iranian provinces, particularly Ardabil.
- Highlighted conventional risk factors: Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and high salt intake.
- Identified novel region-specific risk factors: hookah and opium use.
Conclusions:
- Modifying behavioral and environmental risk factors, alongside advancing biomarkers, offers the best approach for large-scale reduction in GC incidence and mortality.
- Endoscopic screening and antibiotic chemoprophylaxis for HP remain vital for high-risk individuals meeting specific criteria.
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