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A devil's bargain with transposable elements in plant pathogens.

Simone Fouché1, Ursula Oggenfuss2, Emilie Chanclud2

  • 1Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Organismal Biology - Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant pathogens use epigenetic control of transposable elements (TEs) for virulence. This strategy, however, creates an evolutionary conflict, potentially leading to long-term genomic instability for pathogens.

Keywords:
effectorsepigeneticsgenome evolutionplant pathogenstransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) contribute significantly to genome size expansion through self-copying.
  • Plant pathogens have evolved sophisticated epigenetic mechanisms to regulate virulence factors, often targeting TEs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary implications of plant pathogens using epigenetic control of TEs for virulence factor expression.
  • To explore the potential long-term consequences of this strategy for pathogen genomes.

Main Methods:

  • The study employs a theoretical and comparative genomics approach.
  • Analysis focuses on the interplay between epigenetic regulation, TE activity, and virulence factor evolution in plant pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Stress during plant infection derepresses TEs and activates virulence factors simultaneously.
  • This co-regulation creates an evolutionary conflict, favoring TEs capable of reactivation.
  • Active TEs and recent genome expansions in pathogens suggest long-term negative consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Encoding virulence factors near epigenetically controlled TEs is a 'devil's bargain' for pathogens.
  • Short-term benefits of enhanced infection may lead to long-term genomic instability.
  • TE reactivation poses a significant evolutionary challenge for plant pathogens.