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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

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Individual Differences in Conditioned Fear and Extinction in Female Rats.

Sarah C Tryon1, Iris M Sakamoto1, Devin M Kellis1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|September 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female rats exhibit varied fear extinction responses, similar to males. Extinction-competent females produced more 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) than extinction-resistant females, unlike males who emit 22 kHz distress calls.

Keywords:
fear extinctionfemalesfreezingindividual differencesultrasonic vocalization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves impaired fear extinction, with women being more susceptible.
  • Female rodents are understudied in fear extinction research, despite sex differences in PTSD.
  • Individual differences in fear learning and extinction exist in rodents, mirroring human variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in fear responses in female rats during fear conditioning and extinction.
  • To compare freezing behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) between extinction-competent (EC) and extinction-resistant (ER) female rats.

Main Methods:

  • Female Long-Evans rats underwent Pavlovian fear conditioning and cued fear extinction.
  • Freezing behavior, rearing, darting, and ultrasonic vocalizations (22 and 50 kHz) were recorded.
  • Rats were phenotyped as EC or ER based on freezing behavior during extinction.

Main Results:

  • Female rats showed individual variation in freezing during extinction, allowing for EC and ER phenotype classification.
  • No differences in freezing during fear learning were observed between EC and ER females.
  • Female rats emitted few 22 kHz USVs, unlike males, with no difference between EC and ER groups.
  • All females emitted 50 kHz USVs, with EC females producing significantly more than ER females, particularly upon initial environmental exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Female rodents exhibit individual differences in fear extinction, comparable to males.
  • Fear behavior repertoires in female rodents diverge from males, notably in USV patterns.
  • 50 kHz USVs may serve as a potential indicator of extinction competence in female rats.