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Drug Regulation01:25

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Psychosurgery01:30

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
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Why Should Extinction Medicine Be a Specialty?

Devin M Kellis1

  • 1Medical student at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia.

AMA Journal of Ethics
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new clinical specialty, extinction medicine, is proposed to address human extinction risks. This field applies scientific findings on species extinction, disaster management, and health policy to safeguard humanity.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • Growing body of literature links climate change and health to human extinction.
  • Current medical and public health frameworks may not adequately address existential risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new clinical specialty: extinction medicine.
  • To outline the scientific basis and potential impact of extinction medicine.
  • To suggest the framework for launching this specialty.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on species extinction, disaster prevention, and health policy.
  • Conceptual framework development for extinction medicine.
  • Analysis of competencies and potential practitioners.

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Main Results:

  • Extinction medicine can be grounded in scientific findings.
  • Such a specialty could potentially reduce humanity's extinction risk.
  • Key competencies and pathways for clinicians are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Extinction medicine offers a novel approach to mitigating existential threats.
  • The proposed specialty requires interdisciplinary collaboration and strategic implementation.
  • Further development is needed to establish extinction medicine as a recognized field.