CuO-ZnO-PANI a lethal p-n-p combination in degradation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light

Recent interest and responsibility to retain the water resources rose among people. Scientists have been engaged to develop the mechanism that involves the freely available sunlight - a sustainable resource - to remove the pollutants from water to make it again suitable for life. Ample research was reported in the removal of dye pollutants present in water. For this they have utilized p type and n type semiconductors or combination of both (p-n type) under the excitation of a wide range of electromagnetic band energy. Most of the interest lies in emerging out of the mechanism with hybrid semiconductors to remove the previously reported flaws. Toward this regard, this manuscript aims to develop unique material using the underlying p-n-p model for harnessing visible light in catalysis. Initially, p-n structure was developed with copper oxide (p-type) and zinc oxide (n-type), then polyaniline (p-type) conjugated at different concentrations (0.5 M, 0.7 M & 1.0 M), to yield p-n-p models, using precipitation followed by sonication techniques. Detailed physicochemical investigations were conducted on the resultant p-n-p material to elucidate its characteristics. Furthermore, the mechanism was advocated for the best photocatalytic activity under visible light excitation for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol and compared with the performance of a standard p-n (CuO/ZnO) combination.