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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
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Postnatal Cytokine Trajectories in Very Preterm Infants.

Marliese Dion Nist1, Abigail B Shoben2, Tondi M Harrison1

  • 1College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|September 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study tracked inflammation markers in very preterm infants, finding that key cytokines like interleukin-6 decreased post-birth. Understanding these cytokine trajectories can help identify infants at risk for neurodevelopmental issues.

Keywords:
ChemokinesCytokinesInflammationPremature infant

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Developmental neuroscience

Background:

  • Inflammation is linked to preterm birth and adverse neurodevelopment in infants.
  • Understanding inflammatory processes in early life is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe postnatal cytokine trajectories in non-infected very preterm infants.
  • To analyze how cytokine levels change during the first weeks of life.

Main Methods:

  • Weekly blood sample collection from infants born between 28-31 weeks post-menstrual age.
  • Linear mixed models used to calculate cytokine slopes.
  • Analysis considered infant sex and post-menstrual age at birth.

Main Results:

  • Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels decreased postnatally.
  • Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increased, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha remained stable.
  • Cytokine slopes varied by post-menstrual age at birth but not by infant sex.

Conclusions:

  • Average cytokine trajectories in very preterm infants are established.
  • Identifying deviations from normal trajectories may predict infants at higher risk for neurodevelopmental problems.
  • This knowledge can inform targeted interventions for at-risk infants.