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The limits of the attachment network.

Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg1

  • 1Clinical Child & Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Children may benefit from multiple caregivers, but secure attachment depends on learning social relationship contingencies, not just caregiver numbers. This impacts understanding child development and caregiving networks.

Keywords:
alloparentsdaycareinstitutionalized carekinship networksmonotropy

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Theories of attachment and caregiving explore optimal numbers of attachment figures.
  • Monotropy theory suggests children thrive best with one primary attachment figure.
  • Evolutionary perspectives highlight kinship caregiving networks for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the factors influencing the size and effectiveness of attachment networks in children.
  • To explore the role of caregiver number versus relationship quality in secure attachment formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of attachment theory and evolutionary perspectives on caregiving.
  • Analysis of research on institutionalized care and its impact on attachment.
  • Examination of the concept of learning contingencies in social relationships.

Main Results:

  • While kinship networks and organized care exist, high caregiver numbers in institutions can hinder secure attachments.
  • The ability to learn contingencies within social relationships appears crucial for attachment.
  • Attachment networks may expand with cognitive development, but quality of interaction is key.

Conclusions:

  • The number of caregivers is not the sole determinant of secure attachment.
  • Opportunities to learn social relationship contingencies are critical for healthy attachment development.
  • Understanding these factors is vital for optimizing child caregiving environments.