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Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing Pressure Injury Prevention Practices: A Descriptive Survey.

Ivy Swanson Razmus^1,2, Suzanne M Keep^1,2

¹Ivy Swanson Razmus, PhD, RN, CWOCN, University of Detroit Mercy at Aquinas.

Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing : Official Publication of the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society

|September 8, 2021

Summary

Neonatal nurses use various methods for pressure injury (PI) prevention, including risk assessment scales and simple materials like blankets for pressure redistribution. Moisture management practices varied, highlighting a need for further research into effective neonatal PI prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

Neonatal nursing
Wound care
Patient safety

Background:

Neonatal pressure injuries (PIs) pose a significant risk to vulnerable infants.
Standardized PI prevention protocols may not fully address the unique needs of neonates.
Understanding current nursing practices is crucial for improving PI outcomes in neonatal intensive care units.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate current neonatal nursing practices for pressure injury (PI) risk assessment.
To identify the types of pressure redistribution surfaces utilized for neonates.
To explore moisture management strategies employed in neonatal PI prevention.

Main Methods:

A descriptive survey design was employed.
Data were collected from 252 neonatal nurses primarily in the United States via an electronic survey.
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze nurses' reported practices regarding PI risk assessment, pressure redistribution, and moisture management.

Main Results:

78% of nurses used a risk assessment scale, with the Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale and Braden Q Scale being most common.
69% utilized rolled blankets or soft objects as pressure redistribution surfaces; 15% used positioning devices.
Petrolatum-based products (6.7%) and ostomy powders (6%) were the most frequent moisture management interventions.

Conclusions:

Neonatal PI prevention practices differ due to infant factors like gestational age, size, and illness severity.
Current practices indicate a need for evidence-based guidelines tailored to neonatal populations.
Further research is warranted to evaluate the impact of these practices on PI incidence and prevalence.