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Related Concept Videos

Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
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Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
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Glycolysis01:23

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Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
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What is Glycolysis?00:56

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Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
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Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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T cells critically depend on pyruvate oxidation.

Christopher Schrecker1, Andrew M Intlekofer2

  • 1Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell Metabolism
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Summary

Cancer cell metabolism is influenced by cell lineage. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is selectively required in T cells and T cell leukemia, but not in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or myeloid leukemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular metabolism
  • Cancer biology
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • Cell lineage significantly impacts cancer cell metabolism.
  • Understanding metabolic differences across cell types is crucial for targeted cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in different cell lineages.
  • To determine if PDH dependency varies between normal hematopoietic cells and leukemia cells.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of PDH activity in various cell types.
  • Assessment of metabolic profiles in T cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), T cell leukemia, and myeloid leukemia.

Main Results:

  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is selectively required in T cells and T cell leukemia.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid leukemia do not exhibit the same selective requirement for PDH activity.

Conclusions:

  • Cell lineage is a critical determinant of cancer cell metabolic dependencies.
  • Targeting PDH may be a selective strategy for treating T cell leukemia.