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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Published on: September 26, 2016

Phase-modulated rapid-scanning fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

Damianos Agathangelou¹, Ariba Javed¹, Francesco Sessa¹

¹Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|September 9, 2021

Summary

We developed a fast fluorescence-detected 2D electronic spectroscopy method using acousto-optic modulation and digital lock-in detection. This technique improves signal quality by reducing laser noise and correcting spectral distortions for comprehensive analysis.

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Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Chemical Physics
Laser Technology

Background:

Fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (FD-2DES) is a powerful technique for studying ultrafast dynamics.
Traditional methods can be limited by laser noise and spectral distortions, hindering accurate data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a rapid-scanning approach for FD-2DES.
To improve signal-to-noise ratio and data accuracy in 2D electronic spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

Combines acousto-optic phase-modulation with digital lock-in detection for rapid signal acquisition.
Utilizes interferometric tracking for precise time-delay control and spectral phase correction.
Suppresses 1/f laser noise by shifting the signal detection window.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the method on a laser dye.
Successfully measured linear fluorescence excitation spectra.
Acquired rephasing, non-rephasing, and absorptive FD-2DES spectra in a single measurement.

Conclusions:

The presented rapid-scanning FD-2DES approach offers enhanced performance.
This method enables simultaneous acquisition of linear and nonlinear spectral information.
The technique provides accurate phasing and correction of spectral distortions for detailed dynamic studies.