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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy to Measure Intracellular Zinc Pools in Mammalian Cells
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[Trace metals and anemia].

Akiyoshi Takami1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Trace metal imbalances can cause anemia. Copper deficiency is a growing concern, often linked to zinc supplements and altered nutrition methods.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Anemia is a multifactorial condition.
  • Trace metal imbalances (deficiency or excess) are significant causes of anemia.
  • Copper deficiency, zinc deficiency, and lead poisoning are clinically important trace metal-related anemias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical significance of trace metal imbalances in anemia.
  • To emphasize the increasing prevalence of copper deficiency.
  • To identify key factors contributing to the rise in copper deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on trace metal-related anemias.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding copper deficiency prevalence.
  • Investigation of factors contributing to copper deficiency, such as zinc supplementation and enteral nutrition.
Keywords:
Copper deficiencyLead poisoningZinc deficiency

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Main Results:

  • Trace metal imbalances are established causes of anemia.
  • Copper deficiency, zinc deficiency, and lead poisoning are critical clinical concerns.
  • An increasing trend in copper deficiency has been observed.
  • The use of zinc preparations and the generalization of gastric and intestinal nutrition are identified as contributing factors to copper deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Trace metal status is crucial for maintaining normal erythropoiesis.
  • Copper deficiency represents a growing clinical challenge.
  • Clinical awareness and further research are needed to address the rising incidence of copper deficiency anemia.