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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
5.7K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
3.8K
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

1.3K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
1.3K
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
4.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

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Distal Humerus Fractures Managed With Elbow Hemiarthroplasty.

J D Stephens1, Brandon Kohrs1, Logan Bushnell1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Grandview Medical Center, Affiliate of Kettering Health Network and Ohio, University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dayton, Ohio.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elbow hemiarthroplasty (EHA) is a viable option for distal humerus fractures that cannot be repaired with surgery. This procedure allows patients to bear weight, offering preserved function with moderate pain, unlike total elbow arthroplasty.

Keywords:
Hemiarthroplastydistal humerus fractureelbowimmediate weight bearingnon-reconstructable

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Arthroplasty

Background:

  • Distal humerus fractures pose challenges, especially for patients using assistive devices.
  • Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is the standard for irreparable fractures but has limitations like weight-bearing restrictions.
  • Elbow hemiarthroplasty (EHA) offers an alternative treatment for these complex fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of Elbow hemiarthroplasty (EHA) in patients with non-reconstructable distal humerus fractures.
  • To assess the feasibility of allowing weight-bearing postoperatively after EHA.
  • To compare EHA with Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA) regarding functional capabilities and restrictions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of twelve patients undergoing EHA for comminuted distal humerus fractures.
  • Patients were permitted to weight-bear as tolerated post-surgery.
  • Outcome measures included Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation (PREE) and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), along with revision surgery rates.

Main Results:

  • Average MEPS score was 76.1 (fair outcomes), and average PREE score was 41.
  • One patient required revision surgery.
  • Average follow-up was 44.1 months, with three patients using assistive devices pre-injury.

Conclusions:

  • EHA is a viable treatment for non-reconstructable distal humerus fractures, offering a benefit over TEA by not requiring weight-lifting restrictions.
  • Patients reported preserved functional capabilities but experienced moderate pain.
  • EHA demonstrated durability, supporting its use in elderly patients with intermediate follow-up.