Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

3.1K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
3.1K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

2.4K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
2.4K
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

3.7K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
3.7K
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

3.1K
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
3.1K
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles01:25

Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles

3.0K
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
3.0K
Axial and Appendicular Muscles01:18

Axial and Appendicular Muscles

2.1K
Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply: Stem cell-based embryo models: scientific promise clashes with ethical reality.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Human stem cell-based embryo models: innovation, ethics, and policy.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Impaired stem cell migration and divisions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy revealed by live imaging.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Reciprocal signalling by Notch-Collagen V-CALCR retains muscle stem cells in their niche.

Nature·2025
Same author

Co-option of neck muscles supported the vertebrate water-to-land transition.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Interplay between Pitx2 and Pax7 temporally governs specification of extraocular muscle stem cells.

PLoS genetics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury
06:46

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury

Published on: November 15, 2024

571

Diversity in cranial muscles: Origins and developmental programs.

Alexandre Grimaldi1, Shahragim Tajbakhsh1

  • 1Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Recent findings redefine cranial mesoderm boundaries and lineages, impacting muscle connective tissue origins. Further research will explore intrinsic specificities and evolutionary emergence of poorly defined muscle subgroups.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
07:37

Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles

Published on: July 20, 2015

11.3K
Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras
09:38

Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras

Published on: May 31, 2014

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury
06:46

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury

Published on: November 15, 2024

571
Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
07:37

Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles

Published on: July 20, 2015

11.3K
Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras
09:38

Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras

Published on: May 31, 2014

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Muscle biology

Background:

  • Cranial muscles are studied for their unique development and disease resistance.
  • Head muscles share clonal origins with heart muscles and evolved significantly.
  • Existing knowledge on cranial mesoderm boundaries and lineages requires updates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on cranial mesoderm boundaries and lineages.
  • To discuss implications for muscle connective tissue origins.
  • To highlight regulatory networks of cranial muscle subgroups and suggest future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on cranial mesoderm.
  • Analysis of findings related to muscle connective tissue origins.
  • Synthesis of information on regulatory networks and evolutionary emergence.

Main Results:

  • Redefined boundaries and lineages of cranial mesoderm.
  • Established potential common origins for muscle connective tissues and skeletal muscle.
  • Identified new regulatory networks for specific cranial muscle subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Recent discoveries have significantly advanced our understanding of cranial mesoderm.
  • Implications for muscle evolution and connective tissue development are substantial.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully characterize cranial muscle specificities and their evolutionary history.