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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing Cost-Effective and Durable Ultrasound-Guided 3D-Printed Nerve Block Trainers
Published on: February 9, 2024
Making a convenient, low-cost phantom with a previously unreported material for practicing ultrasound-guided
Xiaoqin Wang1,2, Christine Joyce3, John Kuipers1
1Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Health Care, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Abstract:
Ultrasound-guided procedures require excellent hand-eye coordination and practice. Trainees should gain this important skill with a phantom prior to performing procedures on patients. Currently available phantoms each have their own unique limitations. We propose an easily made, inexpensive, tissue-like phantom using a previously unreported material. The sonographic appearance of the phantom, with and without a 14-gauge needle, is compared with breast tissue, gelatin phantoms, and commercial phantoms. Target lesions can be produced using readily available materials. The proposed phantom is cheaper than commercial phantoms; performs better than gelatin phantoms, and is ultimately a superior practice tool for residents.

