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The Pineal Gland

The Pineal Gland

The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

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Published on: June 28, 2024

Pineal Anaplastic Ependymoma - A Rare Entity.

Pooja E Moorthy¹, Devi Subbarayan¹, Vijayashree Raghavan¹

¹Department of Pathology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Neurology India

|September 11, 2021

Summary

This case report details a rare anaplastic ependymoma in the pineal region of a 42-year-old woman. Surgical removal and radiotherapy were successfully employed for this WHO Grade III brain tumor.

Keywords:

Anaplastic ependymoma IHC pineal ependymoma pineal region tumors

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Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

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Published on: June 28, 2024

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A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG

A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG

Published on: March 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Neurosurgery
Pathology

Background:

Anaplastic ependymoma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor.
Pineal region tumors are uncommon, posing diagnostic and surgical challenges.
Ependymomas represent a significant subset of primary central nervous system tumors.

Observation:

A 42-year-old woman presented with headache and blurred vision.
MRI revealed a large, contrast-enhancing pineal region mass with obstructive hydrocephalus.
Initial management included ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement.

Findings:

The tumor was surgically excised via an infratentorial supracerebellar approach.
Histopathological and immunohistochemistry confirmed anaplastic ependymoma (WHO Grade III).
This represents one of only three reported cases of anaplastic ependymoma in the pineal region.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in neuro-oncology.
Successful surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy can lead to favorable outcomes.
Further research into the molecular characteristics and treatment of pineal anaplastic ependymomas is warranted.