Evaluating the Impact of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences on Student Pharmacist Metacognition

Objective. To assess factors impacting metacognition during the advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) year (final year of the Doctor of Pharmacy program) for student pharmacists at five different institutions.Methods. Student pharmacists completed a pre- and post-APPE year survey that collected data on demographics, curricular and co-curricular experiences, and the 19-item modified metacognition assessment inventory (MAI). Additionally, the post-APPE survey collected data on learning activities completed during the APPE year. Matched survey responses were analyzed to identify associations between change in MAI score and individual experiences.Results. One hundred thirty-nine matched responses were analyzed. A significant improvement in overall student pharmacist metacognition was seen in matched pre- vs post-APPEs surveys. Several significant, moderate to weak correlations were associated with a change in MAI score over the APPE year.Conclusion. The APPE year resulted in a significant change in student pharmacists' metacognition at five institutions. This improvement was multifactorial as individual factors had minimal association with the change in metacognition.