The protein hydration layer in high glucose concentration: Dynamical responses in folded and intrinsically disordered...

This exposition reveals the effect of glucose as a molecular crowder on the solvent environment in proximity of the protein surface in putative folded (Ubiquitin) and intrinsically disordered (dimeric Amyloid beta) states. Atomistic simulations reveal markedly higher structural perturbation in the disordered systems due to crowding effects, while the folded state retains overall structural fidelity. Key hydrophobic contacts in the disordered dimer are lost. However, glucose induced crowding results in elevated hydration on surfaces of both protein systems. Despite evident differences in their structural responses, the hydration layer of both the folded and disordered states display a distinct enhancement in lifetimes of mean residence and rotational relaxation under the hyperglycemic conditions. The results are crucial in the light of emergent co-solvent induced biological phenomena in crowded media.