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New HIV diagnoses and the proportion of cases linked to injection drug use (IDU) have increased. Patients with HIV and IDU utilized healthcare services more frequently before diagnosis, indicating intervention opportunities.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant global health concern.
  • Understanding trends in HIV diagnoses and associated risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Injection drug use (IDU) is a key transmission route for HIV, necessitating targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent trends in HIV diagnoses.
  • To assess the changing proportion of new HIV diagnoses attributed to injection drug use (IDU).
  • To examine healthcare utilization patterns among patients newly diagnosed with HIV in the year preceding diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with HIV between 2014 and 2019 at an urban academic medical center.
  • Data on demographics, comorbidities, HIV test results, and healthcare utilization were extracted from electronic medical records.
  • Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests for trend, were used to evaluate changes over time and between patient groups.

Main Results:

  • New HIV diagnoses doubled between 2014 and 2019.
  • The proportion of new HIV diagnoses associated with IDU significantly increased from 9% in 2014 to 32% in 2019 (P = 0.001).
  • Patients with IDU demonstrated higher healthcare utilization in the year before diagnosis compared to those without IDU (89% vs. 63%, P = 0.003), with a median of 7 visits versus 1 visit, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • An upward trend in new HIV diagnoses was observed, alongside a rising proportion linked to injection drug use.
  • Newly diagnosed HIV patients with a history of IDU exhibited substantial engagement with the healthcare system prior to diagnosis.
  • These findings highlight opportunities for early intervention and targeted prevention efforts among high-risk populations within healthcare settings.