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Decrease in the chronic health effects from PM2.5 during the 13th Five-Year Plan in China: Impacts of air pollution
Wangjinyu Shi1, Jun Bi1,2, Riyang Liu1
1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
China's air quality policies significantly reduced fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and prevented premature deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic had minimal impact on these long-term air pollution control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- China implemented air quality policies during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (13th FYP).
- Long-term health effects of these policies and COVID-19 impacts remain uncertain.
- Evaluating chronic health effects from PM2.5 reduction is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- Assess chronic health effects of reduced fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during China's 13th FYP.
- Quantify premature deaths averted due to air quality improvements.
- Evaluate the influence of COVID-19 on air pollution control effectiveness.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 329 mainland Chinese cities.
- Calculated premature deaths using relative risk of PM2.5 exposure.
- Employed a grey prediction model to forecast 2020 PM2.5 concentrations and assess COVID-19 impacts.
Main Results:
- Annual PM2.5 concentration decreased from 49.7 μg/m³ in 2015 to 33.2 μg/m³ in 2020.
- Premature deaths reduced significantly, with 188,246 lives potentially saved by 2020.
- COVID-19 caused short-term PM2.5 reductions but did not significantly alter long-term air quality control trends.
Conclusions:
- China's 13th FYP air pollution control policies successfully reduced PM2.5 and prevented premature deaths.
- The COVID-19 pandemic had a negligible effect on the overall success of China's long-term air quality management strategies.
- Continued monitoring and policy evaluation are essential for sustained public health benefits.
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