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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer IBEX for Radiomics
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Radiomics and Digital Image Texture Analysis in Oncology (Review).

A A Litvin1, D A Burkin2, A A Kropinov3

  • 1Professor, Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo St., Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia; Deputy Head Physician for Medical Aspects, Regional Clinical Hospital of the Kaliningrad Region, 74 Klinicheskaya St., Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia.

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|September 13, 2021
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Summary

Radiomics, combining radiology and AI, uses image biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. This "virtual biopsy" approach shows promise in oncology for cancer assessment.

Keywords:
analysis of tissue texturesdigital image analysis in oncologyimage biomarkersquantitative analysis of digital imagesradiomicsvirtual biopsy

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Area of Science:

  • Radiomics leverages advanced computational techniques, integrating radiology, mathematical modeling, and deep machine learning for medical image analysis.

Background:

  • Radiomics focuses on image biomarkers (IBMs), quantitative parameters derived from digital image texture analysis.
  • IBMs enable objective assessment of pathological changes using various imaging modalities like CT, MRI, and PET.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the fundamental concepts of radiomics and its application in disease diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To explore the utility of radiomics, particularly its "virtual biopsy" capability, in the field of oncology.

Main Methods:

  • The study outlines the key stages in radiomics, including data collection, preprocessing, tumor segmentation, feature extraction, and model validation.
  • It details the process of obtaining and analyzing image biomarkers for quantitative assessment.

Main Results:

  • Radiomics offers significant advantages in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer through image texture analysis.
  • The potential of IBMs as a "virtual biopsy" tool in oncology is highlighted, providing quantitative insights into tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Radiomics is an emerging field with substantial potential in oncology, offering a non-invasive method for cancer assessment.
  • Despite being in development, radiomics has seen successful project implementations and the creation of specialized medical software.