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Current strategies in engaging oncolytic viruses with antitumor immunity

Drew Ashton Boagni1, Divya Ravirala1, Shaun Xiaoliu Zhang1

  • 1Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
|September 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic virotherapy uses viruses to fight cancer by directly killing tumor cells and boosting anti-tumor immunity. Enhancing viruses with immune stimulators and combining them with other therapies shows improved efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy shows promise but has limitations in clinical settings.
  • A key mechanism is the induction of tumor-specific immune responses.
  • Efficacy can be enhanced through genetic modification and combination therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in "arming" oncolytic viruses.
  • To explore mechanisms of action and outcomes of modified oncolytic viruses.
  • To discuss the combination of oncolytic virotherapy with other immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on armed oncolytic viruses.
  • Analysis of studies involving immune stimulator molecules and immune cell engagers.
  • Examination of research on combining oncolytic virotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Armed oncolytic viruses demonstrate improved therapeutic potential.
  • Combination strategies, particularly with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, show synergistic effects.
  • Oncolytic virotherapy can effectively modify the tumor microenvironment to enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Arming oncolytic viruses with immune-modulating components is a viable strategy to improve efficacy.
  • Combination therapies represent a promising direction for optimizing oncolytic virotherapy outcomes.
  • Further research into oncolytic virotherapy's role in modulating the tumor microenvironment is warranted.

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