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Identifying the Risk Factors and Estimating the Prognosis in Patients with Pelvis and Spine Ewing Sarcoma: A
Runyi Jiang1, Shaohui He, Haitao Sun
1Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Study Design:
Retrospective analysis.
Objective:
The study was designed to: (1) figure out risk factors of metastasis; (2) explore prognostic factors and develop a nomogram for pelvis and spine Ewing sarcoma (PSES).
Summary Of Background Data:
Tools to predict survival of PSES are still insufficient. Nomogram has been widely developed in clinical oncology. Moreover, risk factors of PSES metastasis are still unclear.
Methods:
The data were collected and analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The optimal cutoff values of continuous variables were identified by X-tile software. The prognostic factors of survival were performed by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. Nomograms were further constructed for estimating 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) by using R with rms package. Meanwhile, Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for the metastasis of PSES.
Results:
A total of 371 patients were included in this study. The 3- and 5-year CSS and OS rate were 65.8 ± 2.6%, 55.2 ± 2.9% and 64.3 ± 2.6%, 54.1 ± 2.8%, respectively. The year of diagnosis, tumor size, and lymph node invasion were associated with metastasis of patients with PSES. A nomogram was developed based on identified factors including: age, tumor extent, tumor size, and primary site surgery. The concordance index (C-index) of CSS and OS were 0.680 and 0.679, respectively. The calibration plot showed the similar trend of 3-year, 5-year CSS, and OS of PSES patients between nomogram-based prediction and actual observation, respectively.
Conclusion:
PSES patients with earlier diagnostic year (before 2010), larger tumor size (>59 mm), and lymph node invasion, are more likely to have metastasis. We developed a nomogram based on age, tumor extent, tumor size, and surgical treatments for determining the prognosis for patients with PSES, while more external patient cohorts are warranted for validation.Level of Evidence: 3.
