A microchip device based liquid-liquid-solid microextraction for the determination of permethrin and cypermethrin in...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Separation Science
• Microfluidics

Background:

• Traditional methods for pesticide analysis often involve complex procedures and large solvent volumes.
• Microextraction techniques offer advantages in reduced solvent consumption and faster analysis times.
• Integrating microextraction into microchip devices presents a promising avenue for miniaturized and automated analytical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and present a novel microchip device for integrated liquid-liquid-solid phase microextraction.
• To demonstrate the efficacy of this device for the extraction and analysis of specific pesticide compounds.
• To optimize the microextraction process for enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a sandwiched microchip device using poly(methyl methacrylate) layers with a double "Y"-shaped microchannel.
• Synthesis and immobilization of polyacrylonitrile-C18 as the stationary phase within the microchip.
• Liquid-liquid-solid phase microextraction of permethrin and cypermethrin from aqueous samples, followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.

Main Results:

• Achieved low detection limits of 3.5 ng mL⁻¹ for permethrin and 6.0 ng mL⁻¹ for cypermethrin.
• Demonstrated high reproducibility with relative standard deviations below 8.3% for intra- and inter-day analyses.
• Reported successful application in real water samples with high recoveries ranging from 73-96%.

Conclusions:

• The developed microchip system offers an efficient and sensitive platform for pesticide determination.
• This integrated microextraction approach minimizes solvent usage and sample manipulation.
• The device shows significant potential for on-site or field-deployable water quality monitoring.