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Mechanism of Conjugation

Mechanism of Conjugation

Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...

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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Chemical trigger-enabled bioconjugation reaction.

Fayang Xie¹, Xiangqian Jia¹, Zhu Zhu¹

¹School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. yefengtang@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry

|September 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel bioconjugation reaction using a chemical trigger to release a strained molecule for inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition. This method enables efficient in vitro protein labeling and cell imaging.

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Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

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Area of Science:

Chemical Biology
Organic Chemistry
Bioconjugation Chemistry

Background:

Bioconjugation reactions are crucial for chemical biology research.
Existing strain-promoted reactions often use built-in strained alkenes.
Novel approaches are needed for controlled bioconjugation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a new bioconjugation reaction triggered by external stimuli.
To introduce a "trigger-release-conjugate" model for bioconjugation.
To explore the use of bicyclic N-nitrosourea (BNU) derivatives as chemical reporters.

Main Methods:

Development of a chemical trigger-enabled inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction.
Utilizing a bicyclic N-nitrosourea (BNU) derivative that releases trans-cycloheptene (TCH) upon stimulation.
Tuning the reactivity-stability of BNU derivatives via N-1 substituent modification.

Main Results:

Demonstrated an unprecedented bioconjugation reaction via chemical trigger-enabled IEDDA.
Successfully applied the reaction to in vitro protein labeling.
Showcased its utility in pretargeted cell imaging.

Conclusions:

Introduced a novel "trigger-release-conjugate" bioconjugation strategy.
BNU derivatives can serve as versatile chemical reporters.
This work expands the toolkit for bioconjugate chemistry and chemical biology applications.