Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates

Speciation Rates

Genetics of Speciation

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.

Formation of Species

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.

Diversity of Protists IV

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...

The Evidence for Evolution

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.

The Soil Ecosystem

The Soil Ecosystem

Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Normal reference values and determinants of right heart strain derived from speckle tracking echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery·2026

Same author

Left atrial dysfunction in different morphologic phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking study.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery·2026

Same author

Discovery of Novel Isoxazole-Based FXR Agonists Containing a 1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5(4H)-one Ring.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026

Same author

Hypoxia-induced metabolic shifting and AHR/BCRP axis impairment drive placental dysfunction in early-onset preeclampsia and FGR.

Frontiers in toxicology·2026

Same author

Ferrostatin-1 inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates organophosphate nerve agent-induced cognitive deficits by regulating ACSL4/GPX4 and NCOA4/FTH1 pathways in the hippocampus of guinea pigs.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026

Same author

Systematic dysregulation of immune-related alternative polyadenylation in systemic lupus erythematosus contributes to patient stratification.

Journal of translational autoimmunity·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

Aging shapes Cr(VI) speciation in five different soils.

Jingjing Shi¹, William B McGill², P Michael Rutherford³

¹Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Graduate Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada.

The Science of the Total Environment

|September 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding chromium (Cr) transformations in soils is key for managing heavy metal contamination. This study shows Cr(VI) reduces to Cr(III) and immobilizes over time, with reduction favored by low pH and high organic carbon.

Keywords:

Aging Chemical kinetic equations Cr(VI) speciation Immobilization Multireaction model

More Related Videos

Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions

Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions

Published on: February 15, 2019

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Published on: September 11, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

Published on: March 13, 2014

Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions

Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions

Published on: February 15, 2019

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Published on: September 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Soil Science
Geochemistry

Background:

Heavy metal contamination, particularly chromium (Cr), poses significant environmental risks.
Effective soil management strategies require understanding the long-term transformations of contaminants like Cr(VI).

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify changes in Cr fractions (available Cr(VI), immobile Cr(VI), immobile Cr(III)) in various soils over 240 days.
To model the transformation kinetics of Cr(VI) in different soil types.
To identify factors influencing Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization.

Main Methods:

Sequential extraction methods were used to analyze Cr fractions in five distinct soils spiked with Cr(VI).
Kinetic models (Elovich, fractional power, pseudo first-order) were applied to available Cr(VI) data.
A multireaction model was developed in MATLAB Simulink to simulate transformation pathways.

Main Results:

Available Cr(VI) decreased significantly within the first 30 days of incubation.
Immobile Cr(VI) and Cr(III) increased substantially in Brunisol, Anthrosol-1, and Anthrosol-2 soils after 240 days.
Luvisol soils exhibited high Cr(VI) reduction rates with minimal immobilization.

Conclusions:

Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization occur simultaneously and competitively in soils.
Low soil pH and high organic carbon content favor Cr(VI) reduction.
Immobilization of Cr is associated with cations like Ca2+ and Fe oxides.