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Quantum state tomography of molecules by ultrafast diffraction.

Ming Zhang1, Shuqiao Zhang1, Yanwei Xiong2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 10087, China.

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|September 15, 2021
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Researchers developed a new method using ultrafast electron diffraction to capture the full quantum state of molecules. This technique allows for the creation of a "quantum molecular movie" detailing molecular dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular dynamics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Ultrafast electron diffraction and time-resolved serial crystallography are revolutionizing molecular structural dynamics studies.
  • Current methods capture nuclear wavepacket probability densities, not the full quantum state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a framework for preparing and performing ultrafast coherent diffraction from molecular rotational wave packets.
  • To establish a quantum state tomography variant for ultrafast electron diffraction to characterize molecular quantum states.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and ultrafast coherent diffraction from rotational wave packets.
  • Quantum state tomography adapted for ultrafast electron diffraction.

Main Results:

  • A framework for preparing and diffracting molecular rotational wave packets was established.
  • A novel quantum state tomography method for ultrafast electron diffraction was developed.

Conclusions:

  • Reconstructing the density matrix enables full characterization of molecular quantum states.
  • This approach will allow the creation of quantum molecular movies from diffraction data.