The Eye in Forensic Medicine: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Forensic Ophthalmology
• Ophthalmic Forensic Science

Background:

• The eye's unique anatomy reflects diseases and undergoes significant post-mortem changes.
• The eye is crucial in forensic science for estimating post-mortem interval and cause of death.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge in ophthalmic forensic science.
• To identify future research directions in the field.
• To discuss post-mortem ocular changes, applications, and challenges.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on ophthalmic forensic science.
• Discussion of emerging technologies and their applications.
• Exploration of specific areas: post-mortem iris biometrics, pupil size, vitreous humor analysis, and ophthalmic imaging in abusive head trauma.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made using new technologies in ophthalmic forensic science.
• Ophthalmic data provides further possibilities to assist forensic pathologists.
• Key areas like iris biometrics, pupil size, vitreous humor analysis, and pediatric abusive head trauma imaging show potential.

Conclusions:

• Ophthalmic forensic science is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential.
• Further investigation is needed to fully leverage ocular changes for forensic applications.
• The eye remains a vital structure for determining time and cause of death.