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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
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Nucleotide Metabolism Behind Epigenetics.

Tamaki Suganuma1, Jerry L Workman1

  • 1Workman Lab Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|September 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolites, especially nucleotides, are crucial for epigenetic gene regulation. This review explores their roles in gene expression and cellular processes, highlighting metabolism as a key epigenetic regulator.

Keywords:
ADP-ribosylationDNA damageNADRNA editingchromatin modifiershistone modificationsmetabolismnucleotide metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic gene regulation involves histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA.
  • Metabolites serve as cofactors and substrates in essential cellular processes like transcription and translation.
  • The regulatory roles of metabolites, particularly nucleotides, in epigenetics are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between gene expression, nucleotide metabolism, and cellular functions.
  • To explore the function of metabolism as a critical regulator in epigenetics.
  • To elucidate the largely unknown roles of metabolites as regulatory molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of existing research on epigenetics and metabolism.
  • Synthesis of information on gene expression, nucleotide metabolism, and cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • Metabolites are integral to epigenetic mechanisms and cellular functions.
  • Gene expression is influenced by cellular metabolic demands.
  • Metabolism plays a significant role in regulating biological events through epigenetic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolism is a critical regulator of biological events via epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Understanding nucleotide metabolism is key to understanding epigenetic regulation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the regulatory roles of metabolites in biological processes.