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Ferrocement

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Ferro-cement is a distinctive construction material that represents an innovative variant of reinforced concrete, characterized by its unique composition and the method by which it is formed. Unlike standard reinforced concrete, which relies on larger steel bars for reinforcement, ferro-cement utilizes densely packed layers of mesh or fine rods, fully encased in cement mortar. This composition allows for the creation of structures that are significantly thinner and more flexible than their...
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The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
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Types of Cement I01:21

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Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
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Bio-cement-modified construction materials and their performances.

Xiaoniu Yu1,2, Zhihai He3,4, Xianyan Li5

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, Nanjing, 211189, China.

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|September 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial induced mineral precipitation enhances construction materials by forming calcium carbonate (MICP) or struvite (MISP). MICP shows greater porosity reduction and improved mortar strength compared to MISP.

Keywords:
Alkali-activated mortarMICPMISPSand columnStrength

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Area of Science:

  • Construction Materials Science
  • Geomicrobiology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Microbial induced mineral precipitation offers sustainable alternatives to ordinary Portland cement.
  • Urease-producing bacteria (UPB) drive these processes via urea hydrolysis.
  • Key processes include microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and microbially induced struvite precipitation (MISP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of MICP and MISP in modifying construction materials.
  • To analyze the precipitates and their impact on material properties.
  • To evaluate the potential of MICP in improving alkali-activated mortars.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of precipitates using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
  • Morphological analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
  • Assessment of porosity, permeability, and compressive strength in cemented sand columns and mortars.

Main Results:

  • MICP reduced sand column porosity by 2.98% in 90 min, significantly more than MISP (1.45%).
  • MICP effectively reduced the permeability coefficient of sand columns.
  • MICP-cemented columns contained more cementitious material (27.71g) than MISP (13.16g).
  • MICP enhanced the strength of alkali-activated mortars across various UPB solution pH levels.

Conclusions:

  • MICP is more effective than MISP in reducing porosity and permeability of sand columns.
  • MICP offers superior performance in terms of cementitious material content and strength improvement for construction applications.
  • MICP demonstrates significant potential for enhancing the properties of construction materials and as a partial replacement for traditional cement.