Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Implementation of entrustable professional activities for interns within the new Australian National Framework: a pilot study using action-research to explore utility, and clarify challenges and enablers.

BMC medical education·2026

Same author

Alpha-EEG/EMG neurofeedback combined with binaural beats stimulation: A randomized placebo-controlled within-subject cross over study.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2026

Same author

Exploring the mechanism of the age-related P3 anterior shift.

Brain research·2025

Same author

Military Exposures on Marine Student Psychological Health: The Possible Moderating Role of Resilience in a Cross-sectional Design.

Military medicine·2025

Same author

Personal Spirituality is Correlated With Psychological Resilience in a Training Marine Population.

Military medicine·2025

Same author

Mindfulness meditation alters alpha amplitude without affecting arousal.

International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

DSM-5 Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Sex Differences in EEG Activity.

Franca E Dupuy¹, Adam R Clarke², Robert J Barry¹

¹Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, Australia.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

|September 16, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) impacts male and female brain activity differently. Males with AD/HD show distinct EEG patterns, particularly in theta and beta waves, unlike females with the condition.

Keywords:

Adults Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder DSM-5 EEG Females: Sex differences

More Related Videos

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Electroencephalography (EEG)

Background:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
Existing research on AD/HD neurobiology has predominantly focused on male subjects.
Sex-based differences in AD/HD presentation and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in adults diagnosed with AD/HD.
To compare EEG characteristics between males and females with AD/HD and their respective control groups.
To identify specific EEG markers that differentiate AD/HD presentation in males versus females.

Main Methods:

Recruitment of 16 males and 16 females with AD/HD (DSM-5 criteria) and age/sex-matched controls.
Recording of eyes-closed resting EEG data from 19 electrode sites.
Analysis of EEG data using Fast Fourier Transform to obtain power spectrum estimates and theta/beta ratios across cortical regions.

Main Results:

Males with AD/HD exhibited globally reduced absolute beta power and elevated relative theta power compared to male controls.
A significantly larger theta/beta ratio was observed in males with AD/HD.
No global EEG differences were found between females with and without AD/HD, but significant group interactions highlighted sex-specific EEG alterations.

Conclusions:

AD/HD is associated with distinct EEG alterations in males, characterized by changes in theta and beta wave activity.
The neurophysiological impact of AD/HD appears to differ significantly between sexes.
Findings underscore the necessity for sex-specific research and diagnostic considerations in AD/HD populations, particularly for females.