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Ayahuasca Lyophilization (Freeze-drying) Protocol with Pre- and Post-procedure Alkaloids Quantification.

Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno1,2,3, Vanessa Manchim Favaro2, Luís Fernando Tófoli3

  • 1Schools of Population Health and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
|September 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a standardized five-day protocol for freeze-drying ayahuasca, ensuring preserved alkaloid concentration in the final product. This method supports consistent ayahuasca research by providing a stable, lyophilized form for scientific experimentation.

Keywords:
AyahuascaDMTbeta-carbolinesfreeze-dryinglyophilization

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Area of Science:

  • Ethnobotany
  • Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian psychoactive brew, is increasingly studied for its therapeutic potential.
  • While liquid ayahuasca is traditional, freeze-dried (lyophilized) forms are used in research.
  • Existing methods lack standardization and comparative chemical profiling of liquid versus lyophilized ayahuasca.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reproducible five-day protocol for lyophilizing ayahuasca.
  • To quantify and compare alkaloid concentrations in liquid and freeze-dried ayahuasca.
  • To assess the stability and texture quality of lyophilized ayahuasca after storage.

Main Methods:

  • A five-day lyophilization protocol was developed for ayahuasca.
  • Alkaloid quantification was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Analyses were conducted on both the initial liquid ayahuasca and the final freeze-dried extract.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 295g of freeze-dried ayahuasca extract was obtained from 2 liters of liquid.
  • The freeze-dried extract maintained a similar alkaloid concentration compared to the liquid form.
  • The lyophilized ayahuasca retained its texture quality after three years of storage under vacuum at approximately 6°C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed five-day protocol provides a reproducible method for obtaining stable, freeze-dried ayahuasca.
  • Lyophilization preserves key alkaloid concentrations, crucial for consistent scientific research.
  • Further research is recommended on storage conditions and the impact of heat on β-carbolines in freeze-dried ayahuasca.