Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Neurology
• Genetics

Background:

• Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare endocrine-neuromuscular disorder.
• It is a common complication of thyrotoxicosis in Asian populations, affecting ~2% of individuals.
• Graves' disease is the most frequent cause of TPP.

Observation:

• Patients may lack typical hyperthyroid symptoms despite biochemical evidence of thyrotoxicosis.
• Hypokalemia and paralysis result from a rapid intracellular shift of potassium, not total body depletion.
• TPP is a transient condition.

Findings:

• This case study details a 47-year-old Filipino man presenting with acute bilateral lower extremity weakness and hypokalemia.
• The patient was diagnosed with TPP secondary to Graves' disease.
• The condition was successfully managed by treating the underlying thyrotoxicosis.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of considering TPP in patients with unexplained hypokalemic paralysis, especially those of Asian descent.
• Emphasizes that TPP is treatable by addressing the underlying hyperthyroid state.
• Underscores the need for prompt diagnosis and management to prevent recurrent episodes and complications.