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Neural encoding of perceived patch value during competitive and hazardous virtual foraging.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Organisms exhibit contrasting strategies in safe versus hazardous environments: avoiding competition for resources in safe areas and congregating in hazardous ones to deter predators.
  • Understanding human decision-making in social foraging, particularly how individuals balance competition and predation risk, is crucial for behavioral ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether human survival decisions in social foraging align with observed animal patterns.
  • To identify factors influencing individual-level decision-making in response to varying competition and threat levels.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying the computation of perceived patch value (PPV) in social foraging.

Main Methods:

  • A virtual foraging task was designed with varying levels of competition, safety, and predator presence.
  • Human participants' patch selection strategies were analyzed in relation to perceived patch value (PPV).
  • Multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses were employed to identify brain regions involved in PPV computation.

Main Results:

  • Participants adaptively selected competition-avoidant or risk-diluting strategies based on the perceived patch value (PPV).
  • PPV was mathematically quantified as a computation integrating reward, threat, and competition.
  • Mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortices (vMPFC) were identified as key brain regions encoding PPV.

Conclusions:

  • Humans integrate multidimensional information to adaptively choose patches with the highest perceived patch value (PPV).
  • The mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortices (vMPFC) play a significant role in adapting to competitive and predatory threats.
  • These findings provide insights into the neural basis of adaptive decision-making in complex social environments.