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Phase-Specific Verbal Cue Effects on Countermovement Jump Performance.

John Krzyszkowski¹, Luke D Chowning, John R Harry

¹Human Performance & Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

|September 17, 2021

Summary

Phase-specific verbal cues did not improve countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) height. However, these cues enhanced specific force-time characteristics during the jump, suggesting targeted instructions can refine technique for athletes.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomechanics
Human Movement

Background:

The countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) is a fundamental measure of explosive power.
Optimizing CMVJ performance requires understanding the interplay of force production and timing across different jump phases.
Verbal cueing is a common coaching strategy to modify movement execution.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of phase-specific verbal cues on countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) performance.
To analyze how specific cues influence force-time characteristics during the unloading and eccentric braking phases of the CMVJ.
To determine if attentional focus on specific jump phases can enhance biomechanical outcomes.

Main Methods:

Twenty-nine recreationally active individuals (14 males, 15 females) completed 15 CMVJ trials under three conditions: control, unloading phase cue, and eccentric braking phase cue.
Measurements included jump height, reactive strength index-modified, countermovement depth, time-to-takeoff, and detailed force-time data for CMVJ subphases.
Statistical analysis involved paired samples t-tests and Cohen's d effect sizes to compare conditions.

Main Results:

Neither male nor female participants achieved greater jump heights with phase-specific cues compared to the control condition.
Females showed faster unloading, less unloading force, greater unloading yank, and increased braking force with specific cues.
Males demonstrated less body mass unloading, greater unloading yank, faster eccentric braking, and enhanced eccentric braking force and yank with specific cues.

Conclusions:

Phase-specific attentional focus does not acutely enhance overall countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) height in recreationally active individuals.
Targeted verbal cues can effectively modify and improve specific force-time characteristics within the jump phases.
Coaches may benefit from employing eccentric braking phase instructions to enhance eccentric force production in athletes.