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PICO: What it is and what it is not
Martin Schiavenato1, Frances Chu2
1School of Nursing and Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, USA.
Nurse Education in Practice
|September 17, 2021
Summary
The PICO mnemonic is a common tool in evidence-based practice (EBP) education, but its effectiveness is not proven. This study suggests de-emphasizing PICO to focus on critical appraisal and better methods for clinical question retrieval.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Education
- Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Pedagogy
Background:
- The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) mnemonic is widely used in nursing EBP curricula.
- Evidence supporting PICO's effectiveness in nursing education is lacking.
- Concerns exist regarding PICO's utility and helpfulness in classroom settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the role and effectiveness of the PICO mnemonic in evidence-based practice (EBP) pedagogy.
- To critically assess the application and impact of PICO within nursing curricula.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the origin, purpose, and practical effectiveness of the PICO mnemonic.
- Analysis of existing research on PICO's application in EBP.
Main Results:
- The PICO mnemonic demonstrates limitations in its effectiveness and scope of inquiry.
- Current evidence does not substantiate the widespread application of PICO in nursing education.
Conclusions:
- Reevaluation of PICO's role in nursing pedagogy is crucial.
- A shift away from PICO as the sole or preferred tool is recommended.
- Emphasis should be placed on critical literature appraisal and the broader EBP process.
- Development of more effective methods for linking clinical questions to data retrieval is needed.
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