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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: April 23, 2019
Ultrasound-assisted electromembrane extraction of clonazepam from plasma and determination using capillary
Behrouz Seyfinejad1, Sibel A Ozkan2, Abolghasem Jouyban3
1Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract:
In this work, ultrasound-assisted electromembrane extraction (UA-EME) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and diode array detection (DAD) was developed for the determination of clonazepam from plasma samples. A comparative study was carried out between conventional EME and UA-EME methods to investigate the influence of the ultrasound waves on the extraction efficiency. The central composite design was used for the optimization of the variables affecting these methods to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under optimal extraction conditions, the UA-EME provided better extraction recovery in a shorter time (58% in 13 min) than the EME method (42% in 30 min). Ultrasound reduces the extraction time and increased recovery by reducing the thickness of the barrier layer. In addition, this method provided a higher pre-concentration factor (203) and a lower limit of detection (3 ng mL-1) with good repeatability (RSDs were less than 10.11%).
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