Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

4.4K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
4.4K
Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

504
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
504
Storage01:23

Storage

159
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
159
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

38
Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
38
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

654
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
654
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

662
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
662

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Shared representations in brains and models reveal a two-route cortical organization during scene perception.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Globus Pallidus Iron Relates to Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence From MRI-Based Meta-Analysis.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2025
Same author

How the self-concept structures social role learning: insights from computational models.

Royal Society open science·2025
Same author

Curiosity and surprise differentially affect memory depending on age.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Odor-induced Sustained Neural Activity during Memory Encoding.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Movie-watching evokes ripple-like activity within events and at event boundaries.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices
11:13

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Published on: April 5, 2016

16.2K

Functional coupling between CA3 and laterobasal amygdala supports schema dependent memory formation.

Mushfa Yousuf1, Pau A Packard2, Lluís Fuentemilla3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany.

Neuroimage
|September 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how the medial temporal lobe (MTL) forms memories based on semantic congruence. Key hippocampal subfields, particularly CA3, are crucial for remembering congruent information and connect to the amygdala.

Keywords:
AmygdalaCongruence effectMedial temporal lobeSchemaSubfields

More Related Videos

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

2.6K
Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices
11:13

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Published on: April 5, 2016

16.2K
Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

2.6K
Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI
12:51

Investigating the Neural Mechanisms of Aware and Unaware Fear Memory with fMRI

Published on: October 6, 2011

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is vital for memory formation, particularly semantic congruence-dependent learning.
  • Specific roles of hippocampal subfields and adjacent brain regions in this process require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise roles of MTL subfields in semantic congruence-dependent memory formation.
  • To examine how aging affects schema-dependent learning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm targeting the MTL in healthy young and older adults.
  • Integrated cytoarchitectonic probability estimates with fMRI data.
  • Performed subsequent memory analysis and functional connectivity assessments.

Main Results:

  • Robust semantic congruence effects were observed in both young and older adults, indicating age-invariant schema-dependent learning.
  • Hemodynamic activity during semantic congruence was noted in the subiculum, CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and laterobasal amygdala.
  • The CA3 subfield showed increased activity for subsequently remembered congruent items and enhanced functional connectivity with the laterobasal amygdala.

Conclusions:

  • Schema-dependent learning is preserved in healthy aging.
  • The CA3 subfield plays a critical role in encoding congruent information, with enhanced connectivity to the amygdala.
  • Findings refine models of schema-dependent learning by detailing the functional contributions of MTL subregions.