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An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
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Progestins and the Risk of Breast Cancer.

G Mastorakos1,2, G Iatrakis3,4, S Zervoudis3,4

  • 1Aretaieio Hospital.

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)
|September 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progestin and estrogen hormone therapy can increase breast cancer risk, especially when combined or used long-term. Risk factors include age, low BMI, and menopausal status. This study reviews the effects of hormone therapy on breast cancer occurrence.

Keywords:
HRT (Hormone replacement therapy)MHT (Menopause Hormone therapy)breast cancerprogesteroneprogestinstherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Hormone therapy (HT) is used for menopausal symptoms.
  • The relationship between HT and breast cancer risk is complex and debated.
  • Progesterone and progestins are key components in many HT regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of progesterone and progestin treatment on breast cancer occurrence in women.
  • To synthesize current evidence on hormone therapy and breast cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic bibliographic review of Greek and international articles.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, UpToDate, and Google Scholar.
  • Focused on studies examining progesterone, progestins, and breast cancer.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen-alone therapy shows minimal or no increased breast cancer risk, with some studies suggesting safety up to 7 years.
  • Estrogen combined with progestogens increases breast cancer risk (ORs 1.14-2.38), with risk proportional to duration of use.
  • Higher risk observed in older women, those with low BMI (<25kg/m²), increased mammographic density, and with continuous vs. sequential HT use. Tibolone also associated with increased risk.

Conclusions:

  • Combined hormone therapy, particularly with progestins, elevates breast cancer risk.
  • Duration of use, menopausal status, and individual factors influence risk.
  • Understanding these risks is crucial for informed clinical decision-making regarding hormone therapy.