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Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
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EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY.

C Ampatzis1, S Zervoudis2, G Iatrakis3

  • 1"St Andrew" General Hospital of Patras, Patra, Greece.

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)
|January 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) may impact adolescent bone mineral density (BMD), with low-dose versions being more protective. Other contraceptives like DMPA injections negatively affect BMD, particularly in adolescents, but recovery is possible after discontinuation.

Keywords:
bone mineral densitycontraceptives

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Contraceptives are widely used globally.
  • Understanding their effects on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is crucial for long-term health.
  • Various contraceptive methods exist, each with potential systemic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of different contraceptive methods on Bone Mineral Density (BMD).
  • To differentiate effects based on age (adolescents vs. pre/perimenopausal women) and hormonal formulation.
  • To assess the reversibility of contraceptive-induced BMD changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating contraceptive use and BMD.
  • Analysis of data stratified by contraceptive type (COCs, progestin-only pills, DMPA, LNG-IUS).
  • Consideration of patient demographics like age and menopausal status.

Main Results:

  • Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs): Low-dose COCs are more protective than ultra-low-dose. No impact on BMD in pre/perimenopausal women with normal ovarian function; potentially positive influence in those with impaired function.
  • Progestin-Only Pills: May not affect BMD, but further research is required.
  • Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA): Negatively impacts BMD, especially in adolescents, in a duration-dependent manner. BMD recovery observed post-discontinuation.
  • Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS): No significant impact on BMD.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of contraceptives on BMD varies significantly by type and patient population.
  • Adolescents using DMPA injections and potentially ultra-low-dose COCs require careful monitoring for BMD.
  • Most hormonal contraceptives, except possibly DMPA, appear to have a neutral or manageable effect on BMD in adult women.