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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies
Published on: April 22, 2017
RSV Promotes Epithelial Neuroendocrine Phenotype Differentiation through NODAL Signaling Pathway
Dan Liu1,2, Zhongxiang Tang1, Kezi Qiu1
1Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan, China.
Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects infants and children, predisposing them to development of asthma during adulthood. Epithelial neuroendocrine phenotypes may be associated with development of asthma. This study hopes to ascertain if RSV infection promotes epithelial neuroendocrine phenotypes through the NODAL signaling pathway.
Methods:
The GSE6802 data set was obtained from the GEO database, and the differential genes were analyzed using the R language. An in vitro model was constructed with RSV infected human respiratory epithelial cells, and then real-time qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of different epithelial biomarkers and airway neuropeptides. The acute and chronic infection model of RSV infection was established by intranasal injection of RSV into guinea pigs. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells markers ENO2 and neuropeptides.
Results:
The expression levels of ENO2, SP, CGRP, and NODAL/ACTRII were significantly higher in the RSV infection group than those of the control group, which were abrogated by siRNA-NODAL. In vivo, we found that the expression levels of ENO2, SP, and CGRP were significantly higher than that of the control group.
Conclusion:
RSV promotes epithelial neuroendocrine phenotypes through the NODAL signaling pathway.
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