Effect of microbiota on the physiology of blood-tissue barriers
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products
Published on: October 20, 2018
Nohemí García-Esquivel1, Lorena González-López2, Iliana Patricia Vega-Campos3
1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Iztacala, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Enseñanza, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México.
Abstract:
Las uniones estrechas (UE) son estructuras altamente complejas que se localizan en la porción más apical de la membrana basolateral y están compuestas por una serie de proteínas, como claudinas, ocludinas y proteínas de la familia ZO. Las UE restringen el paso de sustancias potencialmente dañinas o microorganismos a lo largo del espacio paracelular, y participan de manera importante en procesos de mecanotransducción y señalización intercelular. Aunque la ultraestructura de las UE les permiten funcionar como una barrera en varios tejidos, como en la barrera hematoencefálica y la barrera hematotesticular, estas son propensas a cambios en su composición, lo cual podría disminuir sus características de permeabilidad. En este sentido, se ha demostrado que ciertos microorganismos enteropatógenos son capaces de desensamblar o modificar las propiedades de permeabilidad de las UE en las barreras hematotisulares. En particular, se ha estudiado cómo la microbiota contribuye a la formación, la función y el mantenimiento de las UE en varios nichos inmunitariamente privilegiados, tales como el tracto gastrointestinal, el sistema nervioso central y los testículos. Por lo tanto, resulta primordial comprender los mecanismos fisiológicos por los cuales la microbiota puede modificar la función de las barreras hematotisulares, con el -objetivo de diseñar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que mejoren los efectos dañinos de varias enfermedades sobre nichos inmunitariamente privilegiados en el humano.
Abstract:
Tight-junctions (TJ) are a highly complex structure located in the most apical portion of the basolateral membrane, composed of series of proteins, such as claudins, occludins and proteins of the ZO family. TJ restrict the passage of potentially harmful substances or microorganisms through paracellular space and participate importantly in the mecanotransduction and intercellular signaling processes. Although the complex structure of TJ, allow them function as barrier in various tissues, such as brain-blood-barrier and testicular-blood-barrier, these barriers are prone to changes decreasing its permeability features. The contribution of microbiota in the formation, function and maintenance of TJ in various immunologically privileged niches, such as gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and testicles have been recently studied. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that certain pathogenic microorganisms are able to disassemble or modify the permeability of TJ in blood-tissue barrier. Thereby, it is central to understand the physiological mechanisms of how microbiota could modify the function of epithelial blood barriers in order to design new therapeutic strategies to ameliorate harmful effects of many human diseases.
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